Pressure Shock Induction of Triploid Rainbow Trout November 2007 1Ryan Couture 2Tim Schamber 2Anitra Firmenich 3Craig Banner Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) 1Oregon Hatchery Research Center 2418 East Fall Creek Road, Alsea, OR 97324 (541)487-5510 ryan.b.couture@state.or.us 2Roaring River Fish Hatchery 42279 Fish Hatchery Road, Scio, OR 97374 (503)394-2496 roaringriver.hatchery@state.or.us 3ODFW Fish Health Lab Oregon State University Fisheries & Wildlife 516 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 (541)737-1857 bannerc@onid.orst.eduBackground The use of sexually sterile fish has many applications in fish culture and fish management. Use of sterile fish in hatchery programs could potentially minimize genetic interactions with native stocks. A need for sexually sterile fish has prompted research in the production of triploid fish. Triploid fish are produced through a number of techniques including chemical, thermal or mechanical methods. Both the thermal and mechanical methods are commonly used in production facilities. In Oregon, thermal (heat) shock is the current standard for production of triploid Rainbow Trout and has been used at a production level since 2002. Although the process is viable, the triploid rate is variable and the survival is often poor. With a goal to produce groups of fish approaching 100% triploid induction rate the use of mechanical (pressure) shock was investigated. Pressure shocking is typically done in a hydrostatic pressure chamber and various projects have reported close to 100% sterilization rate. In 2007, The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) purchased a 2.7-liter capacity portable pressure chamber for inducing triploidy by pressure shocking. This device was tested on rainbow trout eggs at Oak Springs Hatchery and brook trout eggs at Wizard Falls Hatchery. Production number of triploid rainbow trout were being produced at Roaring River Hatchery using propane-fueled on-demand water heaters to heat shock eggs so that hatchery was chosen to compare the pressure and heat shock methods. The rate of triploid induction is determined by ODFW Fish Health Services staff using flow cytometry. The method measures the amount of DNA present in blood cells. Blood cells from a triploid fish will have 50% more DNA than those from a diploid fish due to the presence of the third set of chromosomes. In 2007 nearly 11 million triploid rainbow trout eggs were produced. (2007 Fish Prop annual report)
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